Apple has unveiled an all new iOS 12 at Apple’s annual developer conference at San Francisco. iOS 12 is the latest version of the operating system for iPhone and iPad. The announcement revealed all new features for users. The most attractive of them are related to device performance and speed, notifications, privacy standards and emojis.

With the introduction of the latest iOS 12, every model from 5S will be getting performance boost. This means, users can happily upgrade their older devices OS to iOS 12 to avail latest features. The bug fixes for the problems reported by iPhone and iPad users for previous iOS version are fixed in this iOS 12 version.

The main focus of iOS 12 is not cosmetic look so much as improving the user experience through brilliant software upgrade splashed with unprecedented surprises.

To satiate your curiosity, here is everything you ought to know about the latest iOS 12.

What Devices Does it Support?

iOS 12 will be easily available for devices that currently run on iOS 11 at present. Apple users who are using any iPhone model from 5S or newer, or an iPad from iPad mini 2 and iPad Air 2, or sixth generation iPod touch can expect iOS 12 features on their respective device.

Compelling Features of the all New Clever iOS 12:

1) Speed

Apple promised to boost the speed of iPhone devices with iOS 12. Since this new version is optimized for better performance standard, users will experience noticeable speed improvements for smartphones starting from iPhone 5S in 2013.

Due to this new upgrade, apps on Apple devices will launch 40% faster, which is twice as fast as before.

Apart from the app launches, the camera is also optimized for speed and should load about 70% faster from lock screen.

The keyboard is also expected to appear 50% faster and Share Sheet is displayed 2x times faster, too. iOS 12 also allows multitasking with lots of apps.

Thanks to Apple’s promise to improve performance all over iOS, everything you do with your device will receive speed you’ve never seen before.

2) Notifications

Notifications that appear on iOS lock screen often bog users down, consuming a lot of their time while handling each of them. Apple has addressed this issue and liberated users from tackling overloaded lock screen.

Apple has enabled Grouped Notifications for iOS 12 users so that they don’t have to waste their time swiping away multiple push messages from the same app one by one.

As a result, notifications can be grouped together or delivered without interrupting users with a sound or vibration and shown in the notification centre instead of lock screen.

3) Addiction Controlling Features

Like Google, Apple is also making active efforts to wean users off their digital addiction. For people who can’t resist their iPhone devices, the new tool ScreenTime is here to assist. The feature is set to generate weekly Activity Reports that suggest the app usage occurred for the week.

It contains the details about the how frequently you receive notification or interact with the device during the day. It enables to set up App Limits that work as restrictive timers for specific apps.

4) Parental Controls

One of the main parental controls in iOS 12 is addiction control as described above which monitors and limits children’s apps usage on their iPhones. Parents can stay updated of their child’s activity on their iOS devices and set App Limit for them.

In case a child wants to increase the device usage time, the parents can decide whether or not to approve the request.

Downtime is another feature that helps parents set up when notifications shouldn’t be displayed on their kid’s phone and block access to certain apps.

5) Conference FaceTime

FaceTime allows users having iOS 12 on their iPhone and iPad to perform video and audio calls with as many as 32 users simultaneously. Call participants can have soundless notification without any ring and tap it to instigate conversation. FaceTime also enables you to add text effect to your photos and videos.

Apple’s FaceTime also comes with end-to-end encryption to make your conversation private and exclusive. FaceTime messages are integrated into conversation and can be operated by users.

6) More Animated Expressions with ‘Animoji’

To unleash the world of creative expressions and lively messages, Apple has introduced Memoji using which users can create custom Animoji. With Animoji, iOS 12 users can express their personality, mood and more.

You have a range of Animoji including ghost, Koala, tiger, etc. You can also record 30 second clips of Animoji. Moreover, Memoji will recognize your expressions using Tongue and Wink to make suitable animoji.

iOS 12 also has new built-in camera effects and third-party sticker packs to allow users to enhance their pictures.

7) Privacy and Security

Apple has increased the level of privacy control and security of user data in iOS 12 update. It has Safari to put a stop to Facebook’s ‘Like’ and ‘Share’ buttons, and also prevents other intrusive widgets and ads from tracking and infiltrating the device without permission.

There is a ‘Do Not Disturb’ during Bedtime feature created to and hide notification prompts until the next morning so that users can unwind in the evenings without worrying.

The new updated USB time out feature which is available in Beta iOS 11.4.1 will help protect user data from hackers or at the time your device is confiscated by law enforcement. The feature will limit activities via the Lightning port after an hour of inactivity. With USB timeout, hackers will not be able to unlock the phone and access user data by connecting them to a system or a hacking box.

8) Photos

Probably to emulate Google photo app, iOS 12 offers its own built-in Photos app in the new “For You” tab. The app will also surprisingly suggest sharing group photos from events with the people present in them.

Additionally, Apple has also improved searching photos within the app with personalized suggestions to locate photos based on recent events, places and people.

9) Siri Shortcuts

Seemingly competing with Alexa and Google Assistant apps, Apple’s Siri is now improved with a new feature called Siri Shortcuts. It allows users to utter a set of specific custom commands to perform a certain action like opening an app or making a call. Siri Shortcuts is one of the most phenomenal updates for iOS 12 that fits close to a popular automation system IFTTT.

10) Google Maps on Apple’s Car Play

Car Play, Apple’s in-car connectivity system has been limited to Apple Maps for navigation purpose. With iOS 12, Apple has gone generous to support the third-party navigation apps like Google Maps to enhance user delight.

11) Automatic two-factor pass code copying

For users making online transactions, two-factor or one-time password (OTP) might be a tedious, nagging data-security process. But iOS 12 removes the need to switch to Messages to copy and paste the code into respective app or website. Instead, two-factor code appears with an AutoFill option as soon as the text message with OTP pops on your device, and you can simply paste it in the field.

Additional Features:

  • The voice memos has been updated and made simpler so that you can now access it via iCloud and use the voice memos across multiple device
  • In case of students there is an add on feature which allows them to add their student ID card to the Wallet so as they can use it at various places like libraries, school or college functions etc.
  • iOS 12 has launched a new file format know as the Universal Scene Description which can be used by 3D developers to created animations that specially needs to work on mobile devices.
  • Apple news now has a browser feature which makes it easier for user to search for more interesting and related contents
  • People dealing with share market and related businesses, they have a good news as the Stock app is revamped and now they can get updated stock charts, quotes, contextual reports etc directly from the Google News

When is it Available to Users?

While the developer version of iOS 12 is already available, the first public beta version of the OS is available now for download. If you are an iPhone SE user or above, then you can download the version from the Apple’s Official Public Beta Website.

To download the beta version, first you need to become a member of Apple’s Beta Software Program and after that you will have to enroll the device to start using the program. But we recommend you to not rely on such beta versions as it can cause errors or bug issues to your device. Based on the announcement, the final full version is expected to be released in September most probably for everyone.

Conclusion:

Introducing iOS 12, Apple has stimulated immense interest of iOS users and has instigated a ripple of excitement in the market. The rare features of the novel iOS 12 described above will definitely capture a lot of attention and is likely to open doors of fresh opportunities for iPhone app developers. The final version is to hit the market in September as Apple has signified. Until then, users can take a test-ride of its magnetic features in awe.

Currently, every company/business is creating its own mobile-friendly websites and applications via efficient mobile app development companies to provide better customer experience and similar functionalities to a traditional desktop website. However, if your smartphone experiences are restricted to features available on your conventional desktop website then you are certainly missing out a lot of opportunities to deliver great content in context.

Understanding Geolocation Marketing:

Geolocation marketing completely focuses on customers’ needs and requirements via their mobile devices. Learning your customers’ location will help you in serving them relevant offers, deals, and discounts, and promotions and let them take a specific action. Not just one or two, geolocation marketing industry is likely to grow to $32 billion by 2021.

A greater part of world’s population consider their smart phones as an essential tool and as a result, this sort of marketing has indeed proven to be so effective and efficient. A company’s goal is to target potential customers and influence their buying behavior depending on where their mobile phone tells where they are.

Why is Geolocation Marketing so special?

1) It’s completely cost-effective:

Every single time a company completes a page for their business on a geolocation service, they are getting free advertising. Not just that, even next level forms of these marketing such as offers are extremely cost-effective when compared to various conventional strategies.

2) KYC (Know Your Customers) better:

While most of the geolocation marketing offers are made to attract new customers, these services are also an excellent strategy to identify and learn more about your current customers.

3) Reward your loyal customers:

It’s an old marketing saying “It’s better to keep the current customer than trying to attract a new customer.” Identify who your loyal customers are and reward them with special discounts and offers.

4)Attract new potential customers:

Geolocation marketing services are one of the best and effective ways to turn online prospects into new customers. Customers who never before heard or knew about you will have better chances to try your products and services for the first time.

There are some businesses who offer attractive offers to their first-time customers. Once you get to try them then it is in your hands how you retain them by providing the best solutions to their problems.

Well, the capability for smart phones to track and identify a customer’s location in real-time with a scalable level of accuracy is increasingly continuing to grow as cutting-edge technologies continue to transform the smart phone landscape.

Now, let’s take a look at how Geo-location matters in your marketing strategy:

1. As a forecast of characteristics:

From the past couple of decades, the location of a customer or even a business plays a vital part in the forecast/prediction of the characteristics of that specific person. Right from analyzing basic information from a collected household data or from anywhere else in the world, an in-depth landscape of the person or family of the demographic characteristics can be seamlessly built.

Now, this sort of family profile has proven to be very precise and correct in forecasting the characteristics of the make-up of those domains. The important element to keep in mind is that such demographic profiles are developed on the foundation of where they are based in (City or country). So once you figure where they are then you will be able to find out who they are.

In the whole process of this analysis and understanding of consumer behavior, finding out the geographic area can be extremely helpful in simply learning more about the customer than you did earlier. Such kind of information can be used to enhance the vendor/consumer touch point and improve the performance of the business for a mutual advantage.

2. Forecasting past, present, and future behavior

As an advancement from the forecast of other characteristics, analytics can also be utilized to forecast the future behavior of that particular geolocation family. Utilizing the methodologies or strategies created to forecast the character of an area, the behavioral prognosis can be developed to have an idea about the future likelihood of a domain to behave in a particular manner. Understanding the behavioral characteristics and predictions have been extremely used by location experts for better customer experiences.

3. Timing and mechanics of the buyer decision

Geolocation plays an essential part in the timing and mechanics of the buyers’ decision. For instance, environment patterns determine at what level buying becomes possible. Apart from this, there are mechanics of the buying decision that can be affected by location; extremely urbanized locations witness great levels of delivery services utilized.

In today’s modernized era, understanding a customer’s needs and preferences to respond to a particular channel such as email is vital. geolocation plays an essential part in not only forecasting the consumer behavior but also in finding out the most practical means of using sources to fit a customer’s needs depending on where they reside.

Now that we have understood the importance of the geolocation in planning a marketing strategy, let’s know the various ways how businesses can use geolocation data to plan the perfect marketing strategy.

Geolocation Marketing

Lately, beacon technology has been letting businesses exactly locate where their potential customer is at any given time, and then send them appropriate notifications regarding their latest discounts, offers, and other promotional stuff. The utility of beacon technology is one more step ahead in transforming the shift to m-commerce (Mobile commerce) by offering instant relevancy and value to consumers.

For instance, an apparel retailer might send promotional offers to a customer who is near their store or even when that person is visiting their rival’s store. According to a study by beacon platform swirl, more than 60 percent of customers tend to do more shopping at stores that have beacon marketing programs.

Micro-moment Marketing

Of course, you already might have heard the term “Micro-moments.” As Google rightly said, smartphones have forever transformed the way we live, and it also has changed the expectations of customers from the brands. It made the way to the consumers’ journey into the hundreds of real-time, intent-oriented micro-moments. Every attribute is a golden chance for businesses to shape their decisions and preferences.

Google’s research says:

— More than 80 percent of mobile phone users prefer their smartphones to influence a buying decision while in a shop.

— 60 percent of mobile phone users are more likely to take an immediate step towards resolving a problem as they have a mobile phone.

— Almost 50 percent of customers who do a local search on their mobile phones go personally and visit a store the same day, and almost 18 percent of those local searches end in purchasing within a day.

Geo-targeted mobile ads

Geo-targeted ad services from Google and MSN let brand advertisers assign search campaign holdings at a local stage. With geo-targeting choices that are available currently, customers can be targeted at area level (Country, city, state, etc.) to find out the best potential ad placements. In addition to that, Google AdWords innovated a geo-targeting attribute: Revenue location targeting. This will allow advertisers to target customers depending on their revenue level zip code.

A better technology that determines true customers and not just their devices

Increasing the effectiveness and influence of mobile marketing practices by using geo-location data to develop more customized marketing for customers. As the usage of the smartphone is greatly increasing than ever before, now is the right time for retailers to find out true customers by their smartphone. Currently, retailers have so much access to various cutting-edge tools and technologies to target right audience by market segments and devices.

Mobile applications that are generally used in business to solve any kind of enterprise issues is known as an enterprise mobile application. It is important for enterprises to follow the trend of using apps for internal and external services if they wish to succeed in the current app dominated world.

Different types of Enterprise mobile applications include

Content management
Customer support
Payment processing
Email marketing systems
Automated billing system
Collaboration, messaging and business intelligence
Customer relationship management(CRM)
Enterprise application integration (EAI)

Factors that make an Enterprise App Successful

For any Enterprise to develop, the first step to take forward is to have a well-planned strategy. After you have the perfect strategy, you can plan the business and go for a suitable enterprise mobile application. Following are some key factors that an enterprise should consider to build a highly buoyant mobile enterprise application to ensure their enterprise-wide acceptance:

•  Clarity of business goals and objectives

Having a clear vision about the goal you need to achieve is very important. Once you have a strong objective, start thinking about the platform on which you want your app to be done. Keep your idea concrete to justify your investment in the mobile  app development. The goals you need to consider are to:

1) Increase the customer’s perception of brand experience
2) Project the growth of your organisation
3) Increase the business force of your partners and employees
4) Attract new customers
5) Enhance the revenue opportunities

•  Build apps keeping the target audience in mind

Another factor to consider before you develop an enterprise mobile app is to understand the behaviour of the mobile users and the way they use the device. How to optimise the user experience?
This might be the main question in your mind and if you have the answer to this question, you have solutions for rest all. This can help enterprises steer the app development efforts to fulfil user expectations, and result in an enchanting user experience for the app users.

•  Selecting the apt platform for your Enterprise mobile application

The process of creating a mobile enterprise app is challenging as well as rewarding at the same time. Whether it’s iOS, Android, BlackBerry or Windows Phone, no platform has a clear dominance over the other. So, it’s unavoidable to develop apps for all these platforms on both tablets and smart phones. But. It’s highly critical to choose a development methodology that meets all your cross-platform goals for the enterprise.

1) Native apps: These are built for a specific platform using the SDK platform, tools, languages and operating system (iOS, Android) that are typically provided by the platform vendor. Features of native apps:

• Most reliable and fastest, conventional
• Can get into the wider functionality of the device like: microphone, camera, accelerometer, compass, swipe gestures etc.
• Make use of push-notifications
• Provide access to important device attributes such as geo-location API etc.

2) HTML5-based apps: This is the latest approach used by most of the organizations with HTML5-based development. This helps them to reduce custom development costs for all the platforms. Even though HTML-5 based apps are a cost-saver, it does not provide the advantage of leveraging the native APIs and device capabilities.

3) Hybrid apps (Native + HTML5): Another approach is to include both HTML5 and native development, and adapt the core functionality of all platforms. Depending on the business requirements, you can choose the right platform.

The key method to have the best enterprise is to choose the right framework which is capable enough to meet the changing technology and user requirements.

•  Maintain a policy to manage the app within the enterprise

As mobile applications are becoming widespread, enterprises need to ensure that their IT departments control what employees can install and remove from their mobile devices. Also, ensure standard applications and configurations to help the employees derive maximum benefit from their mobile devices.

The system of MAM, i.e., mobile application management is all about managing the apps installed on a user’s device. This has already been used by the organisations through desktops. Now they have to follow the same in mobile devices. MAM provides a higher level of control over the applications.

You May Also Like: 

Are Mobile Apps a Necessity Rather than a Luxury for SMEs?

Capabilities required for Mobile App Management

1) Authorization
2) OTA application provisioning
3) Regular monitoring of app performance and delivery
4) User and group access control
5) Update the app versions
6) Analyse the usage
7) Event management, reporting and tracking

•  Security check for the application

This is the most challenging part of creating an application. With the rapid growth of mobile devices, applications, information protection is critical than before. Particularly when you develop mobile applications for highly regulated industries such as finance and healthcare. Right from password enforcement, data encryption, virus protection etc. organizations need to use robust application security measures to prevent data theft and loss.

Main Security policies that should be followed:

1) Models of devices to be used
2) Minimum requirements needed within the device
3) Networks, data, application etc. permitted to access
4) SSL certificates (data files that digitally bind a cryptographic key to the data of the enterprise)

•  Ownership

App management requires a central figure to ensure that they don’t go wrong and loose direction. These project leaders will have to analyse the app from the start to the finish.

•  Take regular data analytics

It’s important to get to know who all are using your app and how they’re being used. The continuous analysis of these things will help you improve your organisation’s app environment. The things you should keep an eye out are the number of active users, the number of versions and the number of downloads.

•  Keep the user expectations in mind

Since enterprise apps are used on a regular basis, the expectation of the user also increases on the side of design menu, loading time, appearance etc. Human resource is the most valuable thing for any company. Each employee has a different set of experiences and this can be effectively utilized while making the app.

•  Estimating the Costs

Making and testing of an app is an expensive act and requires up-to-date cost calculations and implementation. Enterprise Apps actually optimize the processing of the company and results in increasing efficiency which can lead to cost reductions. Thus, before going in for making an enterprise app, the purpose and effectiveness of the app should be well studied and calculated.

•  Accessing app functionality

While testing the finally developed app, the loading time and functionality are the main things to be checked. Checking for the bugs and other issues is also important. Slow and dysfunctional apps become reasons for user irritation and can harm the company’s reputation.

•  Compatibility with all devices

Each device has its own variations and it should be well tested that the app works within all devices. This also ensures that the maximum number of devices including Android, iOS and Windows are used in order to confirm the smooth usage of the app over all platforms.

Whether it is a large/small enterprise, the strategy to have an enterprise mobile application is a key to stay ahead in the current business environment. No one can escape enterprise mobility for sure because technology has been pushing forward so much. Therefore, the question is how soon and how effectively you can make this transformation in your business.

The increasing interest in smartphones is growing the mobile app developing industry day by day. This has highly increased the value of mobile app marketing as well.

Here are 12

  1. Rapid Mobile Development

Enterprises are struggling when it comes to managing mobile apps. With increasing consumer demands, businesses are keen on launching products as early as possible. Thus, this year will see a quick development of the app and not spending much time on the development of the same. In this method, Mobile app developers are always alert about customers’ demand and produce accordingly.

  1. Cloud-Driven

You will see cloud technology playing an excellent role in developing apps this season. People these days use multiple mobile devices and this has compelled developers to focus more on the ability to integrate as well as sync them in one.

  1. App Security

Last year saw many reports and rumors regarding hacking and leaks of information. Hackers are quite smart these days and they can easily pick up those security gaps which will let them get certain confidential information. Hence, mobile app developers should focus more on the security of the device as it is quite a serious issue these days.

  1. Beacon and Location-Based Wi-Fi Services

Thanks to Beacon technology, there is hardly any difference between online and offline service apps. Apple has been successful in integrating this feature in iOS. These days, users are making good use of the internet, which has compelled operators to increase the rates of data plans. In years to come, you can use Wi-Fi for a host of things, other than just internet. In the last month, a platform called Wi-Fi Max was launched to help customers to take help of all its services and content.

  1. Wearable Tech

You can now literally wear technology in your hands, mainly thanks to wearable watches. This year, wearable watches have been highly used by people to improve the productivity of their business. This can be due to the fact that mobile app developers are focusing more on developing such technologies rather than concentrating only on smart phones and tablets.

  1. M-commerce, Banking and Mobile Payments

As per the statistics, most of the transactions and sales are to be made online using smart phones. In coming years, you will see the advent of m-commerce and its extensive use. You will also see payments being done using mobiles instead of debit or credit cards. Apple Pay and Google Wallet would gain higher importance.

  1. Internet of Things (IoT)

The Internet can now be connected to almost every device. Apps would adapt to this with new features. It will compel mobile app developers to go with improved services and experiences.

  1. Big Data and App Analytics

Decision makers will give more importance to app performance tracking. They will now concentrate more on big data and analytics in this year. Therefore, they will focus more on data collection methods which help them to reach their clients’ expectations.

  1. The Growth of Enterprise Apps

As per the predictions of IDC, about one-third of enterprises will stress on mobile application development so as to deploy apps across organizations. This will surely help B2B application exchanges.

  1. In- App Advertising and Purchasing

As per a recent study done by Juniper Research, in-app services on devices are going to help a lot and this will spread across all the mobile devices by 2016. There would be various new ad formats in the coming days.

  1. User Experience First

With the number of smart phones and tablets increasing manifold, app user experience is going to gain more importance over time. Stress will be put on analytics data to create excellent experiences. Hence, developers will have to keep user experience in mind during mobile app development.

  1. App Marketing

With each passing year, you can see apps evolving even more. Therefore, marketers will now focus a lot more on user engagement. App Store Optimization will gain high importance and you will get to learn a great deal from them.

With so many trends on the rise, all developers need to keep them in mind and change their development process accordingly. There would be new trends in the coming days. You need to stay on top of them to remain relevant.

During a casual talk one evening,
a friend who owns a teaching institute told me excitedly

“Man, we’re launching an app for our institute”
I was surprised. “Wow! Technology sure is growing”
“heavy competition, our mobile app development team just sent the app in”,
he said and showed me the app

I eagerly looked at the app,
only to be disappointed

Why?

What greeted me upon booting the app was a pathetically design. I didn’t know where to click or how to navigate. This should not happen to you.

Here are a few things from my experience that might help you.

The educational field is developing fast these days, and so is technology. Making interactive apps for education through eLearning has therefore become one of the latest trends. It is a great way to combine education with fun and excitement.

The only thing is that designing and developing an educational app requires a lot of patience and effort. It is not like any regular app, as the expectations are high. Here are a few checkpoints to keep in mind before developing an educational app:

Research

One needs to do a great deal of research before designing an app. For instance, you need to keep the target audience in mind and develop according to their tastes and interests. You need to incorporate a lot of things like cultural values, correct usage of words, and so on.

Proper design

Before finalising the design of the app, you need to contemplate various factors including the age of the targeted audience. For example, you can add cartoons and vibrant colours for young kids, and may be a professional look with subtle shades for corporate learners. This one factor done effectively can grab a lot of attention to your app; eventually making it a huge success.

Interactive learning

Learning should be interactive to make it interesting. The learners’ attention needs to be captured at each stage to make the full impact of eLearning course. You can use tools to make it more interactive.

Challenge the learners

You could include challenges like milestones, puzzles, quizzes, or even small games to test the knowledge of the learners and build healthy competition among the users. High scores can be tabulated and friends could even challenge each other to make learning more interesting. This sort of gamification does help the students learn with more zeal, encouraging them to perform better.

Making the most out of technology can make learning more exciting. It is an interesting concept that can help improve the educational system to a great extent. After all, people perform better if they love what they do!

Recommended Read: 5 Must-have Mobile App Development Platform Features

A new report indicates a shift in the advertisement policy by Apple aiming at strengthening the user privacy of its third-party apps. This will prevent the advertiser’s to access the data about the apps installed on your iPhone or iPad.

The provision to collect data of the apps by Facebook and Twitter installed on your devices for targeting ads is being limited, according to Amir Efrati of The Information. He also gave an example of a user who has installed games, even the paid ones – where advertisers can show ads on games that are not already installed on the device.

However with the upcoming iOS 9 update this fall, the industry giants are more focussed about protecting user privacy. They are ensuring protection of data from other installed apps for ad targeting by preventing its access by other app developers.

Efrati explains, “As part of its recent privacy push, Apple earlier this month said it would shut down an increasingly popular practice by companies like Twitter to scan people’s iPhones and iPads to see which apps are installed. They used such data, which is akin to Web-browsing history, to target in-app advertisements to individuals.”

Inaddition to this iOS 9 update will also put a stop to the exploitation of an API in iOS called “canopenURL”advertisers which enables access of app download data. The latest update also boasts of a new feature that may allow users to temporarily delete apps to make more space for the new software update installation. Apple had earlier mentioned this feature at the WWDC when it said it had developed a method where iOS updates would require less free storage.

The intelligent deletion of apps in the latest update together warns used ‘insufficient space for download’ and then gives provision to temporarily delete apps. Reinstallation of the apps is done automatically once the software update installation is completed, that too with no loss of user data. Even though this feature is available with the beta version, there’s no confirmation as of yet of its inclusion in the final build that will be available to users this fall.